At the peak of the Bruneian Empire, Sultan Bolkiah (reigned 1485–1528) is alleged to have had control over most regions of Borneo, including modern-day Sarawak and Sabah, as well as the Sulu Archipelago off the northeast tip of Borneo, Seludong (modern-day Manila), and the islands off the northwest tip of Borneo. They landed 10,000 troops of the Kawaguchi Detachment from Cam Ranh Bay at Kuala Belait. Das staatliche Hörfunk- und Fernsehprogramm wird von Radio Television Brunei produziert. [139], The official language of Brunei is Standard Malay, for which both the Latin alphabet and the Arabic alphabet are used. The former had travelled to Manila, then the centre of the Spanish colony. The country suffered a civil war from 1660 to 1673. It included the following provisions:[43]. There is a public campaign calling to protect pangolins which are considered threatened treasure in Brunei. The Japanese forces in Brunei, Borneo, and Sarawak, under Lieutenant-General Masao Baba, formally surrendered at Labuan on 10 September 1945. Before doing so, they burned the mosque, a high structure with a five-tier roof. Osttimor | [91] The status of Limbang as part of Sarawak has been disputed by Brunei since the area was first annexed in 1890. 2010 betrug das BIP pro Kopf bereits über 31.000 US-Dollar. The UK would still be responsible for external affairs and defence. Arabic is the religious language of Muslims. [126] The main highway running across Brunei is the Tutong-Muara Highway. [38] The ferry terminal at Muara services regular connections to Labuan (Malaysia). Brunei's dominance in the Philippines was also challenged by two Indianized kingdoms, the Rajahanates of Cebu and Butuan which were also coincidentally allied with Kutai and were also at war with Brunei's dependencies; Sulu and Manila as well as their mutual ally, the Sultanate of Maguindanao. Arzach, Republik | Von 1941 bis 1945 war Brunei nach der Invasion Borneos von der japanischen Armee besetzt. Over time, the resident assumed more executive control than the sultan. Kirgisistan | Darüber hinaus stehen das Bildungs- und Gesundheitssystem kostenlos zur Verfügung. Brunei has technically been under martial law since the Brunei Revolt of 1962. In 1997, the royal family hired former Miss USA Shannon Marketic and a handful of other beauty queens to come model and entertain at parties. [11] Das Konzept des Malaiisch-Islamischen Brunei, das die Herrschaft der Sultansfamilie legitimieren soll, geht mit einer Islamisierung des gesellschaftlichen Lebens einher. Sierra Leone | Mongolei | The intent of the law is to protect girls from exploitation through prostitution and "other immoral purposes", including pornography. Jahrhundert beherrschte Brunei – unter anderem unter Sultan Bolkiah – neben der Nordküste Borneos auch den Sulu-Archipel und Palawan, welche heute zu den Philippinen gehören. September 1959 verabschiedete der Sultan auf britischen Druck hin die erste Verfassung Bruneis. The 2018 per-capita GDP (PPP) in Brunei was US $71,802. [30], Die Gurkha Reserve Unit dient mit 500 bis 2000 Mann zum Schutz des Seria-Ölfeldes, von öffentlichen Einrichtungen und als Leibwache für den Sultan. [87] Brunei became a founding member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) on 1 January 1995,[88] and is a major player in BIMP-EAGA, which was formed during the Inaugural Ministers' Meeting in Davao, Philippines, on 24 March 1994. [35], Alle BIP-Werte sind in US-Dollar (Kaufkraftparität) angeben.[36]. Indien | Brunei has one main sea port located at Muara. Ibrahim hid numerous significant government documents from the Japanese during the occupation. [99], Brunei's Legislative Council proposed an increase of the defence budget for the 2016–17 fiscal year of about five percent to 564 million Brunei dollars ($408 million). "[109], Brunei is the first country in Asia to have banned shark finning nationwide. [65] The plan also promoted the production of meat and eggs for consumption by citizens. The national air carrier, Royal Brunei Airlines, is trying to develop Brunei as a modest hub for international travel between Europe and Australia/New Zealand. Schwerpunkte sind der Ausbau der Infrastruktur, Landwirtschaft und Nahrungsmittelproduktion. Von den 33 Ratsmitgliedern sind drei Frauen. [28] The campaign was one of many, which also included action in Mindanao and Sulu. The Sultan married his first cousin, Princess Saleha. Dies ist historisch jedoch nicht belegt. Nach der Einführung dieser Regelung Anfang der 1990er Jahre wurden Alkohol vertreibende Gaststätten und Nachtclubs geschlossen, in touristischen Hotels wird Alkohol jedoch weiterhin ausgeschenkt. Brunei has had slightly more success at the Asian Games, winning four bronze medals. Es besteht eine neunjährige Schulpflicht. Stoning to death was the specified "method of execution for crimes of a sexual nature".