The Reformation in Scotland's case culminated ecclesiastically in the establishment of a church along reformed lines, and politically in the triumph of English influence over that of France. [45] Frederick's son, Christian, was openly Lutheran, which prevented his election to the throne upon his father's death. By the way, the screen will say whether a CoR will spawn upon conversion or not. Lombardy will be fully annexed by Chalcedonian Francia in 789. Common factors that played a role during the Reformation and the Counter-Reformation included the rise of nationalism, simony, the appointment of Cardinal-nephews, and other corruption of the Roman Curia and other ecclesiastical hierarchy, the impact of humanism, the new learning of the Renaissance versus scholasticism, and the Western Schism that eroded loyalty to the Papacy. A separate Protestant community, of the Lutheran faith, existed in the newly conquered province of Alsace, its status not affected by the Edict of Fontainebleau. Proximity to neighbors who adopted Protestantism increased the likelihood of adopting Protestantism. Anne Locke translated some of Calvin's writings to English around this time. Makaramus, could you (or anyone) please post a screenshot with the centers of reformation working with the current release of the game? Refused an annulment of his marriage to Catherine, King Henry decided to remove the Church of England from the authority of Rome. A number of theologians in the Holy Roman Empire preached reformation ideas in the 1510s, shortly before or simultaneously with Luther, including Christoph Schappeler in Memmingen (as early as 1513). In the 1520s Luther's reforms spread among the mostly German-speaking inhabitants of such major cities as Danzig (now Gdańsk), Thorn (now Toruń) and Elbing (now Elbląg). On the eve of the Protestant Reformation, Christianity held the predominate position within the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and Catholicism received preferential treatment at the expense of the Eastern and Oriental Orthodox. Why so many hoops to jump through to communicate a simple problem? The presence of monasteries made the adoption of Protestantism less likely. Between 1520 and 1550, printing presses in Spain were tightly controlled and any books of Protestant teaching were prohibited. Several publishing houses were opened in Lesser Poland in the mid-16th century in such locations as Słomniki and Raków. [12] The Council of Constance confirmed and strengthened the traditional medieval conception of church and empire. Similar attitudes developed among Catholics, who in turn encouraged the creation and use of music for religious purposes.