The district church at the village of Attercliffe, called Christ Church, was erected in 1822, at a cost of over £14,000. Medieval Sheffield would seem more like a village than a town to us. It is under the care of a head and three other masters, and has about 80 scholars, of whom half are on the foundation. The lead works on the Porter were likewise established, and silk and cotton mills set up, but these last did not flourish. It is of brick, with stone basement, and measures 296 feet by 115, with a roof of iron and glass, and a fountain in the centre. The royalists took Sheffield castle and the town without a fight. However, even for the time, it had a reputation as a grimy and dirty town (not surprising considering its heavy industries). "SHEFFIELD, a parish, market town, municipal and parliamentary borough, and chief seat of the hardware manufacture, in the upper division of Strafforth wapentake, and the capital of the ancient liberty of Hallamshire, West Riding county York, 50 miles S.S.W. The ordinary wages of the artisans in Sheffield are liberal, ranging from £1 to £2 a week, and in consequence their social condition is superior, most families living in separate tenements. By 1900 the population of Sheffield was over 400,000. The parish is divided into 25 ecclesiastical districts, some of which are new parishes under a late Act of Parliament. Market days are Tuesday and Saturday. These houses were literally joined back to back without even an alley between them. Wooden hammers worked by watermills pounded the wool. He built a castle on the site of Castle Market. It has an altar-piece by Paris, representing Christ blessing little children. Sheffield (as residents will know well) is full of a knee-breaking number of steep hills. The traditional industries in Sheffield such as iron, steel and cutlery declined in the 20th century. However In 1916 Sheffield was bombed by German zeppelins leaving 28 people dead. Sheffield FC was founded in 1857 by members of a cricket club based in Sheffield. The facade consists of a centre and two receding wings; the former with Doric pilasters and entablature proper. Before 1500 watermills were adapted to grinding tools and the cutlery trade boomed. In Surrey-street is a medical school in connection with the University of London, the students studying at the hospital and infirmary. (It was later converted to a cotton mill). It subsequently passed, through the marriage of the Countess Judith, to the family of St. Liz, Earls of Northampton, and afterwards to the Lovetots and Furnivals, who built the castle, and a bridge over the Don, and founded a hospital on the site still known as Spital Hill. There were also many people living just above the poverty line. However, those that had already been built remained. © 2020 JPIMedia Publications Ltd. There are also many mercantile houses, some of which confine their commercial operations to the home markets, while others export largely to the United States, Australia, the Cape of Good Hope, Brazil, South America, and the several continental cities, in most of which the manufactures of Sheffield are to be found. Nevertheless, there were several other trades apart from cutler e.g. In 1843 Sheffield was given a charter (a document giving the townspeople certain rights). It was, however, about fifty years later, when Sheffield became the mart of Hancock's plated goods, that the great development of trade took place. In the early 19th century a private company provided piped water. In addition to the parish church are the following district churches, viz: St. Paul, St. James, St. George, St. Philip, St. Mary, St. John the Evangelist, St. Thomas Crookes, Holy Trinity Wicker, St. Stephen's, Attercliffe, Brightside, St. Matthew's, Darnall, Dyer's Hill, Ecclesall Bierlow, St. Jude, Eldon-street, Fulwood Heely, Hollis Croft, St. Jude's, Moorfields, and Pitsmoor; the livings of which are all perpetual curacies, varying in value from £400 to £100. Furthermore, an infirmary was built in 1797. A branch canal, 4 miles long, was cut in 1819, communicating with the Don, or Dun, at Tinsley, thus affording direct water communication with the river system of the Trent and Humber, and so with the seaports of Goole, Hull, and Great Grimsby. Sheffield grew rapidly in the 18th century. Bishop's House was built at the end of the 15th century or beginning of the 16th century. The savings-bank in Norfolk-street is in the Italian style, erected in 1860; the Temperance Company's Hall, in Townhead-street. Its first charter of incorporation as a municipal borough was granted in August, 1843, under which it is divided into nine wards or districts, and is governed by a mayor, 13 aldermen, and 42 town councillors, with the style of "mayor, aldermen, and burgesses of the borough of Sheffield." The survey showed 725 people, about a third of the population were 'not able to live without the charity of their neighbors. of London by road, or 162½ by the Great Northern, and 175½ by the North-Western and Midland railways. It is on the edge of the Peak District and on the River Sheaf, from where it gets its name. From the eastern foot of these hills to the borders of Derbyshire stretches the parish of Sheffield, including the six townships of Nether Hallam, Upper Hallam, Ecclesall Bierlow, Sheffield, Brightside Bierlow, and Attercliffe-cum-Darnal, with the curacies of Dyer's Hill, Eldon, Fulwood, Heeley, Holliscroft, Moorfields, Pitsmoor, and Wicker, and about 60 other villages and hamlets The physical configuration of this district differs in various parts, but that portion on which the town of Sheffield stands is a sheltered valley overhung by the wooded heights of Wincobank, and watered by the streams of the Sheaf, from which the town takes its name, the Porter, and two other rivers, which all unite their waters at this point with the Don, on which much labour and expense has been bestowed to render it navigable.