Additionally, the Plantagenet government increasingly alienated the Irish chiefs and people on whom they often relied for their military strength. http:\/\/purl.oclc.org\/dataset\/WorldCat> ; Copyright © 2001-2020 OCLC. Don't have an account? Ireland -- Politics and government -- 1172-1603. When the Normans first landed in Ireland in 1169, it was for the purpose of aiding Diarmaid Mac Murchada in the reclamation of his lands. Henry had wanted John to be crowned King of Ireland on his first visit in 1185, but Pope Lucius III specifically refused permission. The proclivity of the native Irish to play mercenary, fight internecine conflicts against each other and even make alliances with the English government to do so while neglecting the threat posed by the English enabled the re-conquest to succeed, as exemplified by the Desmond Rebellions. The Parliament of England at Westminster voted to restore the monarchy, and in 1660 King Charles II returned from exile in France to become King of England, King of Scotland and King of Ireland. Responding to the assumption of the title ri hErenn uile ("king of all Ireland") by Mael Sechlainn I in 862, she furthermore states that. Following the separation of most of Ireland from that kingdom in 1922, the remaining constituent parts were renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1927, five years after the establishment of the Irish Free State. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.A copy of the license is included in the section entitled GNU Free Documentation License. From 1921 until 1973, the British monarch was officially represented in Northern Ireland by the Governor of Northern Ireland. This page was last edited on 25 September 2020, at 20:44. The Restoration in Ireland was effected in 1660 without major opposition, Charles II being declared king on 14 May 1660 by the Irish Convention. It owed its origins to the decision of a Leinster dynast, Diarmait Mac Murchada (Diarmuid MacMorrough), to bring in a Norman knight based in Wales, Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (alias 'Strongbow'), to aid him in his battle to regain his throne, after being overthrown by a confederation led by the new Irish High King (the previous incumbent had protected MacMurrough). In late 1185 the crown was ready, but John's visit had by then proved a complete failure, so Henry cancelled the coronation.[6]. The E-mail Address(es) field is required. The Government of the Irish Free State (also known as His Majesty's Government in the Irish Free State)[5] was confident that the relationship of these independent countries under the Crown would function as a personal union.[6]. Environmental decay and deforestation continued unabated throughout this period, being greatly exacerbated by the English newcomers and an increase in population. The Lordship was roughly co-extensive with the medieval kingdom of Meath. Oxford University Press. The Papal power to grant also fell within the remit of Dictatus papae (1075–87). Warren, WL (1960). He lived quietly on his estates, and died at the monastery of Cong in 1198 and was buried at Clonmacnoise. The king's title in the Irish Free State, when it became a self-governing Dominion of the British Empire, and its constitutional successor from December 1936 to April 1949, was the same as elsewhere in the British Commonwealth,[12] but it was unclear whether the President of Ireland was Head of state of Ireland (1936 to 1949) or the king, George VI. These are descriptive titles that simply replace the title of Mr, Mrs or Miss that you already use. The title "King of Ireland" was created by an act of the Irish Parliament in 1541, replacing the Lordship of Ireland, which had existed since 1171, with the Kingdom of Ireland. [21], Ernest Blythe recalls that in January 1915 he heard Plunkett and Thomas MacDonagh express support for the idea at an Irish Volunteers meeting. Environmental decay and deforestation continued unabated throughout this period, being greatly exacerbated by the English newcomers and an increase in population.